Tóm tắt

Causative verbs diễn tả việc A khiến / nhờ / cho phép B làm gì.

Causative Cấu trúc Nghĩa
have have + O + bare inf / V3 nhờ ai làm / để gì bị làm
get get + O + to-inf / V3 thuyết phục / để gì bị làm
make make + O + bare inf bắt buộc ai phải làm
let let + O + bare inf cho phép ai làm
help help + O + (to) inf giúp ai làm

Tại sao quan trọng

Causative structures thường xuất hiện trong IELTS khi: - Thảo luận về chính sách: "The government should make people..." - Giáo dục: "Teachers let students..." - Cuộc sống hằng ngày: "I got my car repaired." - Phân tích trách nhiệm: "Parents should not let children..."

Dùng đúng causative structures thể hiện Grammatical Range in Band 7+.

Causative HAVE

1. have + Object + bare infinitive — Nhờ ai làm gì

Subject + have + Object (person) + bare infinitive

A sắp xếp, chỉ đạo để B làm gì cho A.

  • I had the plumber fix the leak. (Tôi nhờ thợ ống nước sửa)
  • She had her assistant prepare the report.
  • He has his driver pick him up every morning.
  • The manager had everyone stay late on Friday.

2. have + Object + past participle (V3) — Để gì được làm

Subject + have + Object (thing) + past participle (V3)

Nhấn mạnh vào kết quả — vật được làm (không đề cập ai làm).

  • I had my car serviced last week. (xe được bảo dưỡng)
  • She had her hair cut and dyed.
  • We had the house painted before the event.
  • He had his laptop repaired at the shop.

Phân biệt: - have sb do sth = nhờ người cụ thể làm - have sth done = để vật được làm (không quan tâm ai làm)

Causative GET

1. get + Object + to-infinitive — Thuyết phục / mất công nhờ

Subject + get + Object (person) + to-infinitive

Nghĩa tương tự "have sb do sth" nhưng ngụ ý phải cố gắng, thuyết phục hơn.

  • I got my brother to help me move. (thuyết phục anh ấy giúp)
  • She finally got the manager to approve the budget.
  • He got his kids to clean their rooms.

2. get + Object + past participle — Để gì được làm (thường informal)

Subject + get + Object (thing) + past participle
  • I need to get my glasses fixed. (nhờ sửa kính)
  • She got her nails done at the salon.
  • He got his phone replaced under warranty.

Have vs Get + sth done: - Cả hai đều diễn đạt "để vật được làm" - have = trung tính, cả formal và informal - get = informal hơn, thường trong spoken English

Causative MAKE

make + Object + bare infinitive — Bắt buộc, cưỡng ép

Subject + make + Object + bare infinitive

Nghĩa mạnh hơn: bắt buộc, không có lựa chọn.

  • The teacher made the students rewrite their essays.
  • The noise made me wake up at 3 am.
  • Peer pressure makes teenagers follow trends.
  • The law makes drivers wear seat belts.

Lưu ý: Trong passive voice, "make" dùng to-infinitive: - Active: She made him apologise. - Passive: He was made to apologise (by her).

Causative LET

let + Object + bare infinitive — Cho phép

Subject + let + Object + bare infinitive

Cho phép ai làm gì — không ngăn cản.

  • She let her children stay up late on weekends.
  • The teacher let students use dictionaries during the test.
  • Don't let this opportunity slip away.
  • Parents should let children make their own decisions.

let vs allow: - let + bare inf: Let me know. (informal) - allow + to-inf: He was allowed to leave. (formal)

Causative HELP

help + Object + (to) infinitive

Subject + help + Object + (to-)infinitive

Cả bare infinitive và to-infinitive đều chấp nhận được, nhưng bare infinitive nghe tự nhiên hơn trong spoken English.

  • She helped her friend (to) find a job.
  • Technology helps students learn more effectively.
  • Exercise helps people maintain a healthy weight.
  • Can you help me (to) solve this problem?

So sánh toàn bộ causative structures

Causative Dạng V theo sau Ý nghĩa Ví dụ
make bare infinitive Bắt buộc, cưỡng ép She made him apologise.
let bare infinitive Cho phép He let her leave early.
have (người) bare infinitive Nhờ / chỉ đạo I had him fix it.
have (vật) V3 Để được làm I had it fixed.
get (người) to-infinitive Thuyết phục She got him to help.
get (vật) V3 Để được làm I got it repaired.
help (to) infinitive Giúp She helped me (to) study.

Lỗi thường gặp

Lỗi 1: Dùng "to" sau make và let

  • ❌ The teacher made him to stay after class.
  • ✅ The teacher made him stay after class.
  • ❌ She let me to borrow her book.
  • ✅ She let me borrow her book.

Lỗi 2: Nhầm have sth done với have sb do sth

  • ❌ I had the mechanic fixed my car. (sai — cần bare inf sau person)
  • ✅ I had the mechanic fix my car. (have + person + bare inf)
  • ❌ I had my car fix. (sai — cần V3 sau thing)
  • ✅ I had my car fixed. (have + thing + V3)

Lỗi 3: Quên passive form của make trong câu bị động

  • ❌ He was made apologise.
  • ✅ He was made to apologise. (passive → to-infinitive)

Lỗi 4: Nhầm let và make

  • ❌ My parents let me study every day. (không ai "bắt" học)
  • ✅ My parents made me study every day. (bắt buộc)
  • ❌ She made her daughter wear anything she wanted. (không cưỡng ép)
  • ✅ She let her daughter wear anything she wanted. (cho phép)

Ứng dụng trong IELTS

Writing Task 2 — Thảo luận chính sách:

  • "Governments should make corporations pay higher environmental taxes."
  • "Schools should let students choose their own subjects to a greater extent."
  • "Parents who let children spend unlimited time on screens are doing them a disservice."
  • "Technology helps people access information that was previously unavailable."

Writing Task 2 — Nguyên nhân-kết quả:

  • "Urbanisation has made many people abandon traditional lifestyles."
  • "The media makes consumers believe they need things they don't."
  • "Social pressure gets teenagers to conform even when they disagree."

Speaking Part 3 — Thảo luận:

  • "I think parents should let children make some of their own decisions from an early age."
  • "Strict teachers who make students memorise everything don't encourage creativity."
  • "I had my essay checked by a native speaker before submitting it."

Speaking Part 2 — Kể chuyện:

  • "My manager had us work overtime to meet the deadline."
  • "My teacher got me to rewrite the essay from scratch — it was painful but helpful."

Bài tập luyện

Điền dạng động từ đúng

  1. She made her son ___ (clean) his room before dinner.
  2. I need to get my laptop ___ (repair) — it keeps crashing.
  3. The doctor let the patient ___ (leave) after two days.
  4. Can you help me ___ (carry) these boxes?
  5. She had the photographer ___ (take) photos at the event.

Sửa lỗi

  1. He made his employees to work on weekends.
  2. I had my car fix yesterday.
  3. She got her friend helped her move.
  4. Let him to use your phone for a moment.
  5. He was made apologise publicly.

Đáp án

Dạng động từ: 1. clean | 2. repaired | 3. leave | 4. (to) carry | 5. take

Sửa lỗi: 1. He made his employees work on weekends. (make + bare inf) 2. I had my car fixed yesterday. (have + thing + V3) 3. She got her friend to help her move. (get + person + to-inf) 4. Let him use your phone. (let + bare inf) 5. He was made to apologise publicly. (passive make → to-inf)

Tóm tắt nhanh

Muốn nói Dùng Cấu trúc
Bắt buộc make make + O + bare inf
Cho phép let let + O + bare inf
Nhờ (người) have have + O + bare inf
Để (vật) được làm have/get have/get + O + V3
Thuyết phục get get + O + to-inf
Giúp đỡ help help + O + (to) inf

Quy tắc vàng: - make / let / have (người) → bare infinitive (không "to") - get (người) → to-infinitive - have / get (vật) → past participle (V3) - Passive của make: was/were made to + inf (thêm "to")