Tóm tắt
Past Continuous diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
| Khẳng định | Phủ định | Nghi vấn | |
|---|---|---|---|
| I/He/She/It | was working | was not working | Was ... working? |
| You/We/They | were working | were not working | Were ... working? |
- At 8 pm last night, I was studying for the exam.
- They were not sleeping when we arrived.
- Were you watching TV when I called?
Tại sao quan trọng
Past Continuous là công cụ kể chuyện quan trọng trong IELTS: - Speaking Part 2: mô tả bối cảnh khi kể về sự kiện quá khứ - Writing Task 1: diễn tả xu hướng đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm - Tạo sự phong phú về ngữ pháp khi kết hợp với Past Simple
Cấu trúc và cách dùng
Cấu trúc
Subject + was/were + V-ing
Lưu ý: Dùng was cho I/he/she/it; were cho you/we/they.
4 cách dùng chính
1. Hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ
Thường đi với: at 8 o'clock, at this time yesterday, at noon last Tuesday...
- This time last year, she was living in London.
- At midnight, the children were still sleeping.
- What were you doing at 3 pm on Monday?
2. Hành động đang diễn ra thì bị gián đoạn (Past Continuous + Past Simple)
Past Continuous (background) + when + Past Simple (interruption)
- I was reading a book when the phone rang.
- She was cooking dinner when he arrived home.
- They were discussing the plan when the power went out.
Mẹo: Past Continuous = hành động nền dài; Past Simple = sự kiện ngắn bất ngờ xảy đến.
3. Hai hành động song song trong quá khứ
Past Continuous + while + Past Continuous
- She was reading while he was watching TV.
- The students were taking notes while the teacher was explaining.
- I was cooking while my sister was setting the table.
4. Mô tả bối cảnh / tạo không khí trong kể chuyện
- The sun was shining, birds were singing, and children were playing in the park.
- When we arrived, everyone was enjoying themselves.
- The city was buzzing with excitement — it was the night before the festival.
Dấu hiệu nhận biết
| Từ/Cụm từ | Ví dụ |
|---|---|
| at + thời điểm + yesterday/last... | at 5 pm yesterday |
| this time + last week/year | this time last month |
| when (+ Past Simple) | when I arrived |
| while | while they were working |
| all morning/evening/day | all morning yesterday |
So sánh Past Continuous vs Past Simple
| Past Continuous | Past Simple | |
|---|---|---|
| Ý nghĩa | Đang xảy ra (chưa xong) | Đã xảy ra và kết thúc |
| Thời gian | Kéo dài / nền | Điểm thời gian / hoàn thành |
| Kết hợp | "when + PS" = bị gián đoạn | "when + PC" = sự kiện bất ngờ |
- I was walking home when it started to rain. (đang đi thì trời bắt đầu mưa)
- I walked home when it stopped raining. (đợi tạnh mưa rồi đi bộ về)
Lỗi thường gặp
Lỗi 1: Dùng was/were nhầm
- ❌ You was sleeping.
- ✅ You were sleeping.
- ❌ They was playing football.
- ✅ They were playing football.
Lỗi 2: Quên -ing
- ❌ She was study when I called.
- ✅ She was studying when I called.
Lỗi 3: Dùng state verbs (stative verbs) với Past Continuous
Các động từ chỉ trạng thái không dùng với continuous tenses: know, believe, understand, want, need, like, love, hate, have (sở hữu), see (nhìn thấy), hear...
- ❌ I was knowing the answer.
- ✅ I knew the answer.
- ❌ She was loving the film.
- ✅ She loved the film.
Lỗi 4: Nhầm khi dùng "when" và "while"
- When thường đi với Past Simple: When she arrived, I was cooking.
-
While thường đi với Past Continuous: While she was cooking, I was reading.
-
❌ While she arrived, I was cooking.
- ✅ When she arrived, I was cooking.
- ❌ When I was sleeping, he knocked.
- ✅ While I was sleeping, he knocked. / When I was sleeping, he knocked.
Lỗi 5: Dùng Past Continuous thay vì Past Simple cho hành động đã hoàn thành
- ❌ Yesterday, I was finishing my homework at 9 pm. (hàm ý chưa xong)
- ✅ Yesterday, I finished my homework at 9 pm.
- ✅ Yesterday, at 9 pm, I was finishing my homework. (đang làm tại thời điểm đó)
Ứng dụng trong IELTS
Speaking Part 2 — Kể chuyện sự kiện:
"I'd like to talk about a memorable trip to Hội An. When we arrived, the sun was setting and the lanterns were glowing everywhere. While my friends were taking photos, I was just standing there, taking it all in. It was one of the most magical moments I've ever experienced."
Speaking Part 1 — Mô tả quá khứ:
- "When I was studying at university, I was living near the campus."
- "This time last year, I was preparing for my IELTS exam."
Writing Task 1 — Mô tả xu hướng tại thời điểm:
- "In 2005, the rate was rising steadily before it peaked in 2008."
- "While the number of urban residents was increasing, rural populations were declining."
Writing Task 2 — Mô tả bối cảnh lịch sử:
- "In the early 20th century, scientists were beginning to understand the link between diet and health."
- "While governments were focusing on economic growth, environmental concerns were being largely ignored."
Bài tập luyện
Chia động từ đúng (Past Simple hoặc Past Continuous)
- I (read) ___ a book when she (call) ___ me.
- They (play) ___ football when it (start) ___ raining.
- At 10 pm, he (sleep) ___.
- While she (cook) ___ dinner, I (do) ___ my homework.
- What (you/do) ___ at midnight last night?
Chọn "when" hoặc "while"
- ___ I was studying, my phone rang.
- ___ she arrived, we were having dinner.
- He was reading ___ his wife was watching TV.
- The alarm went off ___ I was sleeping.
Sửa lỗi
- She was know the truth all along.
- You was working very hard yesterday.
- While he arrived, I was cooking.
- I was finishing the report at 6 pm yesterday.
Đáp án
Chia động từ: 1. was reading / called | 2. were playing / started | 3. was sleeping | 4. was cooking / was doing | 5. were you doing
When/While: 1. While | 2. When | 3. while | 4. while / when
Sửa lỗi: 1. She knew the truth all along. (stative verb) 2. You were working very hard yesterday. 3. When he arrived, I was cooking. 4. I finished the report at 6 pm yesterday. (hành động hoàn thành → Past Simple)
Tóm tắt nhanh
| Cách dùng | Cấu trúc | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
| Hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm QK | was/were + V-ing | At noon, I was eating. |
| Hành động bị gián đoạn | PC + when + PS | I was studying when she called. |
| Hai hành động song song | PC + while + PC | He was reading while she was cooking. |
| Mô tả bối cảnh | PC (nền) + PS (sự kiện) | The rain was falling when we left. |
Quy tắc vàng: - was = I / he / she / it - were = you / we / they - Stative verbs (know, want, love...) không dùng Past Continuous - Past Continuous = nền/bối cảnh; Past Simple = sự kiện xảy đến